Fully equipped manual patch clamp and microelectrode rigs, with fluorescence microscopes, perfusion chambers with temperatures controller, capacotor feedback Patch Clamp amplifiers (Axopatch 200B) coupled to low noise data acquisition systems (Digidata庐 1440a), computers, pipette pullers and fire polisher, vibration control. This equipment enables detailed characterization of transepithelial, whole cell, and single channel currents in conventional configurations.